Learning of Mathematics in Secondary Schools Essay

Learning of Mathematics in Secondary Schools - Essay Example Today, in whatever domain of work we look into, we always find the impact of technology continuously revolutionizing those fields and industries. The education industry is no exception. When looking deep into various disciplines of studies to analyze the actualized as well as potential impact of technology, we come across the fact that the understanding of the subjects which are very conceptual in nature, increases many folds. Mathematics is one of them. Furthermore, especially in secondary classes in Singapore, when the course of mathematics starts to get more conceptual and complex, it becomes essential to let the students visualize various concepts using multimedia, which would otherwise be impossible to demonstrate. Thus this study aims to analyze the impact of use of Information and Communication Technology in the enhancement of learning of Mathematics in the secondary schools of Singapore, particularly in the assessment aspect of teaching. Information Communication Technology i s too broad area to be analyzed as a whole, thus we would restrict ourselves to the impact of multimedia technologies only. This specification leads us to our research question, that is, This literature review is aimed to look at the work relevant to the issue that has already been done. Thus, first of all we would start with defining the term multimedia, without as well as within the context of Information Communication Technology. Moving further, we will analyze the various researches done on the issue of teaching methodologies and its relation with technologies. The term 'relation' here includes the advent, the nature and level of integration of technology and teaching over time and impact. Moving further, we would review the literature on how the multimedia technologies can facilitate the teaching of mathematics. Lastly we would try to analyze that keeping in view the existing literature, what is the need of the proposed research. It is important to be clear in very beginning that what perspective of multimedia we are considering, in order to avoid any ambiguity. In a literal sense, the word multi means many and media means the plurality of mediums, the way of delivering some thing. The type of information that is considered as part of media are diversified, it includes, text, graphics, animations, sounds and video clips. The list is not exhaustive; with the evolution of technology new types of media keep on being added. For example, initially only text was the media to be used, then graphics and then sounds, animations and clips and so on. When we speak of the term multimedia in terms of information and communication technology, it has been defined as Multimedia is communication that uses any combination of different media; it may or may not involve computers. Multimedia may include text, spoken audio, music, images, animation, and video. . Multimedia programs are often interactive and include games, sales presentations, encyclopedias, and more. From this definition we can infer some

Approaches for Improving Disaster and Emergency Preparedness Planning Research Paper

Approaches for Improving Disaster and Emergency Preparedness Planning Processes and Procedures in a System - Research Paper Example The paper primarily focuses on planning processes and procedures in a system-based framework. Emergencies often occur because of lack of proper systems or failure of the existing systems to limit, control and prevent the circumstances that trigger incidences that cause disasters. Emergencies are common in any given area: in schools, churches, towns, offices and roads. One of the characteristics of emergencies is that they are not predictable; they hit any time when people are not expecting them. This unpredictability character has forced the stakeholders of areas prone to emergencies and disasters to prepare mitigation mechanisms that they can apply to limit the adversities associated with unforeseen circumstances. The purpose of this research paper is to help people to understand the critical aspects of disaster preparedness and emergency mitigation measures. Emergencies that organizations and people predict and prepare for in advance have lesser adversities than those that are unpr epared for or in terms of planning. It is crucial for the citizens to understand the processes and procedures for mitigating disasters and emergencies in their environments. ... A disaster results in significant physical damage, destruction, loss of life and drastic change in ecosystems (Arthur, 2007). Disasters are tragic events arising from undesirable events such as catastrophic accidents, explosions, earthquakes, fires, and floods. An emergency constitutes a situation that poses an immediate danger to property, health, environment, and life (Karagiannis, Piatyszek & Flaus, 2013). Emergencies require urgent intervention to act as countermeasures for preventing the worsening of the risk. Emergency preparedness is a long-term program involving activities whose aims are to strengthen the capacity and capability of a community to manage efficiently all types of emergencies and ensure an orderly transition from relief through recovery and sustainable development. Most countries have set government emergency services to respond to emergencies; these agencies are responsible for planning and managing emergencies. Emergencies and disasters can cause both mild and devastating damage. The preparedness and planning for these disasters and emergencies is of paramount necessity at all times. A system-based framework is a structure of operation where several independent units are interrelated to work together towards achievement of a common goal. A system-based framework is characterized by environment, feedback, boundaries, controls, inputs and outputs (Sommer & Nja, 2012). Disaster and emergency preparedness approaches are necessary in a system-based framework to a countermeasure the adversities of the risks. Statement of the Problem Major emergencies and disasters do not respect national borders and never occur at convenient times. The intensity of human suffering caused by these events are huge, and affect many aspects of people’s lives such as

Four Factors of Organizational Success Essay Example for Free

Four Factors of Organizational Success Essay There are numerous ways to achieve organization success. Ask any two business guru their opinions and you will undoubtedly get two unique lists. Successful entrepreneurs covet their secrets of success and business school faculty lecture what the latest texts have written. Defining a check list of do’s and don’ts may seem like a rather easy task, but the implementation of those ideas is what will truly lead to organizational success. But what is organization success? That question can have many answers depending on the business. A University might define it as job placement of graduating students, but a middle school may be successful if its American history program is nationally recognized. A publicly traded company (and its stock holders) could define it as profits over the last quarter, whereas a small technology start-up could consider the issue of a patent on their newest widget a success. It’s my assessment that of all the factors pertaining to organizational success, those that revolve around the people within the organization and adaptation within the organization are the largest factors of success. I believe when a commitment to improvement, a continuous workforce development plan, and an implementation of a shared vision are harmoniously integrated by a resilient leader, it will place a company on a path to organizational success. Commitment to Continuous Quality (Process Improvement) There are no perfect scenarios where a company continues to profit and does nothing to improve. Updating a process is a continuous method that involves employees at all levels while focusing on the needs of the customer (John, 1992). Successful organizations are able to identify potential areas for increasing the value of processes or products. Not all products need to undergo substantial change in order to qualify as a process improvement. A change in the perceived value of the product is all that is needed. For example, a recent advertisement from McDonald’s is touting their Egg McMuffin sandwich as a luxury and higher class item. Taking from old consumer adage â€Å"It’s the Cadillac of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , McDonalds has substituted â€Å"McMuffin† for Cadillac. There have been no changes to the recipe of the sandwich, but they have changed the perception of the item by comparing it to a separate premium item and in turn increasing a perceived value (Biasi, 2012). Whether a company modifies a current product, updates a process or simply re-brands, constant improvement is a key factor in the success of an organization. Shared vision In order for a company to achieve a goal, its employees must be on board with the missions of the organization. That is, employees must be aligned with the mission, values and goals of the organization in order to foster growth and achieve long term success (The secrets of organizational success, 1995). In order for an organization to implement any changes, those within (at all levels) must share in the vision of the organization (Kanter, 1988). Every company should have a vision. Without a vision there are no goals to achieve and the company has no definition of success in the future. A successful vision provides a company with a few goals to which they can devote their resources to while inspiring its workforce to achieve those goals (Clancy, n.d.). The importance (as stated by Clancy) lies with inspiring employees. A vision alone needs support. Simply wanting something done, without dedicating recourses to it, is futile. Creating a shared vision, one in which employees have a stake, is significant in the organizations long term success. Providing a personal connection to the product (or process) drastically changes the way employees approach their work and makes a substantial impact on their work quality (Hill Tande, 2003). People have to want to work, not because they are told to (Senge, 1990). The creation of a shared vision adds value to the work of an employee. A paycheck cannot be the only motivation. The employee must want to take stake in the operation of the company and understand their work is critical to the mission of the company. Continuous Learning / Workforce Development Former CEO of Intel Andrew Grove once said, â€Å"Success breeds complacency. Complacency breeds failure† (1996). It is important for a company to provide its staff with the opportunities to develop and provide new insights into company processes. While in his tenure at Intel, Grove urged executive to allow staff to experiment with new techniques and processes while concurrently performing the production of existing products (Grove, 1996). Acknowledging the importance of creative freedom and invention allows for an improved process to be implemented without a significant reduction in production levels (Sheridan, 2004). Learning enhances people’s abilities; it drives creation, workplace competencies and motivates others to do the same (Loon, Lim, Teck, Lai, 2012). A company can develop their staff internally while creating new ideas, updating procedures and processes. Constant improvements do not come automatically. Instituting a program that promotes continuous learning and workforce development can eliminate down time between successes and will create a substantial competitive advantage. Strategic decision maker As an organization undergoes change, its leaders also need to have the willingness to do so. Strategic decision makers are flexible yet concise; they must make crucial decisions regarding growth, divestment, new products and cost cutting (Grant, 2008). As a company attempts to succeed in the marketplace, its leader must effectively navigate a myriad of executive decisions that affect the livelihood of the company. While any company can claim they want to improve, the implementation of that vision is the key. R.M. Kanter (1988) discusses that the best of those leaders are called â€Å"Change Masters†; leaders who are able to create a shared vision, encourage innovation, and support internal education. She continues that change isn’t always necessary, but a strategic decision maker will identify times where change is eminent and make adjustment rapidly. Take for example Lee Iacocca and Chrysler. Before his hire, the company was on the edge of complete failure. Something desperately needed to change. With the hire of Lee Iacocca came a decision to layoff those employees not willing to accept changes he believed would right the company. Those who stayed for a maximum $14 per hour salary, redesigned the brand and help the company earn over $2.5 billion within three years of his hire. (Roberts, n.d.). I am not suggesting a change in company culture is necessary, but a leader must be able to identify the need for change, have the ability to implement such change, and the gumption to do so. Finding a leader with the before mentioned qualifications will aid in corporate success. Four factors working together There are many other factors which could lead to (or prevent) organizational success. It’s my belief that the four points briefly discussed are deeply intertwined and provide an ever changing path towards success. The proper mix of these four items creates an environment that fosters company development. Just a few examples of the cohesion of these four factors have been noted in other publications: * Great leaders must be passionate about their visions and responsible for advancing workforce development (Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly Konopaske, 2006; Loon, et al., 2012). * Continuous learning among all levels leads to future process improvements (Zairi, Whymark. 2000). * Leaders must also have the mindset required for visionary leadership; otherwise they are managers and not leaders (Transforming leadership for success and sustainability, 2011). * Continuous process improvements that are derived from a shared vision are more readily adapted by employees (Guti, Llorà ©ns-Mon tes, Óscar. 2009). The items above are not meant to be all inclusive. There are numerous other factors that one could argue have equal impact on success. While I do not discredit those other factors, it’s my determination that the four mentioned are factors that are able to be controlled within the organization. Other factors such as environmental conditions, consumer behaviors, and external costs, remain out of the control of the business leader. Focusing on supplying staff with the necessary leadership to achieve the company vision will lead to success. As the newest management fads pass and business trends change, one thing will remain constant: the success of organization will rely on heavily people who are a part of the organization. References Biasi, A. (2012) Increasing Perceived Value (of your product or service). Smart Marketing Solutions. http://www.smartmarketingllc.com/2012/01/14/increasing-perceived-value-of-your-product-or-service/ Clancey, K.J. (n.d.). Shocking truth of the month. Most companies are operating without a vision. Retrieved from http://www.thekevinclancy.com/truths_102009_g.html Gibson, J.L., Ivancevich, J.M., Donnelly, J.H. Jr., Konopaske, R. (2008). Organizations. Behavior, structure, processes. McGraw-Hill Irwin. New York, NY. Grove, A. (1996). Only the paranoid survive. Double Day Publishing. New York, NY. Guti, L. J., F.J. Llorà ©ns-Montes, Óscar, F. B. S. (2009). Six sigma: From a goal-theoretic perspective to shared-vision development. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 29(2), 151-169. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443570910932039 Hill, B., Tande, C. (2003). Personal impact maps: Chart the course to a shared vision. Workspan, 46(10), 38-42. Retrieved from ABI/Inform database. John, S. W. F.,Jr. (1992). Managing process improvement at the cherry point naval aviation depot. National Productivity Review (1986-1998), 11(4), 533-533. Retrieved from ABI/Inform database Kanter, R. M. (1988). Change masters vs. change stiflers. Executive Excellence, 5(3), 12-13. Retrieved from ABI/ Inform database Loon, M., Yet, M. L., Teck, H. L., Cai, L. T. (2012). Transformational leadership and job-related learning. Management Research Review, 35(3), 192-205. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409171211210118 Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday/Currency. Sheridan, J.H. (2004). 1997 Technology Leader of the Year, Andy Grove: Building An Information Age Legacy. Industry Week. Retrieved from http://www.industryweek.com/companies-amp-executives/1997-technology-leader-yearandy-grove-building-information-age-legacy Sudhir, K. C., Pullig, C., F, D. A. (1997). Critical success factors from an organizational life cycle perspective: Perceptions of small business owners from different business environments. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 47-0_7. Retrieved from ABI/Inform database. The secrets of organizational success: Aligning employees behind new corporate goals and objectives. (1995) Training Development, 49(8), 28-28. Retrieved from ABI/Inform Database. Transforming leadership for success and sustainability. (2011). Strategic Direction, 27(3), 19-21. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02580541111109598 Zairi, M., Whymark, J. (2000). The transfer of best practices: How to build a culture of benchmarking and continuous learning part 2. Benchmarking, 7(2), 146-167. Retrieved from ABI/Inform database.

Multi Cloud Database Service Providers (MCDSP)

Multi Cloud Database Service Providers (MCDSP) A Multi cloud service provider is expert in building the distributed database cloud and can manage those cloud storage servers also. And this multi cloud database service provider is capable of operating the cloud computing system in an interactive way. When a user wants to store the data in the multi cloud, he needs to log with his credentials. MCD service provider of the multi cloud plays a dominant role in managing all the resources of cloud databases to offer a high quality 24X7 secure access. In reality the architecture is planned to operate with any number of databases and types, the architecture is planned to work with a limited number of cloud databases. In its inception the project is planned to use MySql as the storage server in all the cloud environments. The cloud databases can be accessed, controlled and configured through MCDSP’s configuration control manager. Thus we have configured five server databases of which the user can choose any three servers of his choice to store his confidential information. The client is simply aware of the storage servers and their status used for storing information. In this multi-storage environment the client can manually stores user (secret) information by choosing the server IP address (name) from the active servers list. So involvement of MCDSP is nullified, when the client puts his information in the cloud. 5.2.1 Cloud server’s information: 5.2.1.1 Cloud sever1 Cloud Server Name:SVPPC704 Configured IP address: 10.10.10.200 dbname : db1 Password : user1 User name : user1 5.2.1.2 Cloud sever2 Cloud Server Name: SVPPC705 Configured IP address : 10.10.10.83 dbname : db2 Password : deepika User name : deepika 5.2.1.3 Cloud sever3 Cloud server Name: VJ Babu Configured IP Address : 10.10.10.99 dbname : db3 Password : user3 User name : user3 5.2.1.4 Cloud sever4 Cloud server Name: SVPPC707 Configured IP Address : 10.10.10.125 dbname : db4 Password : user4 User name : user4 5.2.1.5 Cloud sever5 Cloud server Name: SVPPC719 Configured IP Address : 10.10.10.74 dbname : db5 Password : user5 User name: user5 Information of MCDSP, is stored in databases is stored as, 5.3 UML Diagrams The unified modelling language is a standard language for specifying, Visualizing, Constructing and documenting the software system and its components. It is a graphical language that provides a vocabulary and set of semantics and rules. The UML focuses on the conceptual and physical representation of the system. It captures the decisions and understandings about systems that must be constructed. It is used to understand, design, configure, maintain and control information about the systems. 5.3.1 Class diagram A Class diagram shows a set of classes, interfaces and collaborations and their relationships. Class diagram addresses the static design view of a system. Class diagrams to describe the structure of the system. Classes are abstractions that specify the common structure and behaviour of a set. Class diagrams describe the system in terms of objects, classes, attributes, operations and their associations. In UML class diagrams, Top compartment contains name of the class. Middle compartment contains class’s attributes or instance variables. Bottom compartment contains class’s operations or methods. 5.3.2 Use case diagram Use cases are used during requirements elicitation and analysis to represent the functionality of the system. Use cases focus on the behavior of the system from the external point of view. The actor is outside the boundary of the system, whereas the use cases are inside the boundary of the system (MCDS).The Actors involved in this use case diagram are: User, MCDSP. 5.3.3 Sequence diagram The time ordering messages are emphasized by the Sequence diagram; this is the one of the type of interaction diagram. To visualize the communication among objects and behaviour of the system are can be done by using the sequence diagram. By using, identifying the any additional objects may participate in the uses cases or not can be done by using this sequence diagram. This diagram shows the where the interaction takes place among the objects. 5.3.4 Activity diagram The flow from activity to activity, shown by using the activity diagram within a system. One of the dynamic views of the system is activity diagram. The system can be described as activities, in the activity diagram. In this diagram, operations execution is represented by using the activities. The activity diagrams are as similar to the flowchart diagram. Description: The admin gets login and checks whether the admin had an appropriate login id and password. The admin enters successfully and upload the files, maintain the files. The user gets login, if the user is a new one then he must have to create an account and gets login. The user searches the file, if it exists, displays the original file by entering the access key. 5.4 User Interface Design The design of computers, applications, machines, mobile communication devices, and websites are designed by considering the user’s experience and interaction is called as User Interface Design or User Interface Engineering. The main goal is, make the user’s interaction is simple and as efficient as possible can be done by considering the user goals and this design procedure is called as user centred design. Without drawing the unnecessary attempts and finishing the task at hand is called as good user interface design. To design a user interface there must be an balance between technical functionality and visual elements. This is important, because when creating a system it is not only operable but also usable and adaptable. When designing the user interface design it should be useful for the users, means that the it is in meaningful manner, it should be clear then only useful for users, appearance model is easily recognizable by the users, giving more clearance by separating the similar and dissimilar things separately. This overall design can be done based on the interface architecture. 5.5 Input Design Output Design 5.5.1 Input Design Through a link only information system and user can communicate with each other and that link is called as input design. This input is taken from either in the form of printed document or entering the key values by using the keyboard can be done by using the computer and processed by the processor. There is an control on how much amount of input is required, controlling the errors, avoiding the delays, extra steps are avoided and the process is as simple as possible all these are considered when designing the input. When designing the input by considering the all these things it provides the security and ease of use. By considering the following input is designed as, To give an input which data is given? In which format the data should be arranged or coded? When operating the system personally, there is an dialog to provide the input? When an error occur, what are the different methods used for preparing the input validations and steps. Objectives: An user oriented description of an input is converted in to computer based system can be done by using the input design process. When to design this process that must be error prone and giving correct directions when accepting the input from the keyboard. To handle the large volumes of data, creating the user friendly screens for data entry. While entering the data it must be easier and it is an error prone. While entering the data, all data must be manipulated and also providing the viewing facilities also. Checking validation for input is necessary and also through screens only input is entered. When entering the data, appropriate messages are provided for better understanding purpose. For this if input layout is designed, by using this layout easy to follow the instructions. 5.5.2 Output Design The output quality is important because end user requirements are satisfied and clear information must be there. After processing the input in any system the output is displayed. The intermediate results of the output are also stored in the form of hard copy for further references. For users direct information resource is output only. For decision making and maintaining the relationship with system output is necessary. To design the output it meets the requirements of the end user. The developed output must be right and if necessary the people can used. Proper methods are selected for presenting information. In the user manual, it should contain the information regarding the output. The successful implementations of the information system having the objects are, providing information for past activities, Present status and also proving the future enhancement also. Giving information for proble.ms, important event, warnings and different opportunities. What are the different actions are performed on Triggers. What are the conformation actions are performed. 5.6 System Requirements 5.6.1 Hardware Requirements: System:Pentium IV or equivalent Hard Disk (Free space):20 MB. RAM:256 MB. 5.6.2 Server Software Requirements: Operating system : Windows XP Professional Front End : JAVA Back End (Database) :MySql Tool :Net beans IDE 5.6.3 Client Software Requirements: Operating System : Linux or windows Access: Web browser (Recommended Firefox) Memory: 256 MB (RAM) 6. IMPLEMENTATION 6.1 Shamir Secret Sharing Algorithm In this project using algorithm proposed by Adi Shamir called Shamir’s secret sharing algorithm, by using this algorithm sharing the secret information into multi cloud and again reconstructing the secret information can be done by using this algorithm. The algorithm called Shamir’s secret sharing is worked as, the secret information of user’s data can be divided into number of pieces of secret information and each part of secret information is stored into different servers of the Multi cloud and this service is provided by the multi cloud service provider. To reconstruct the original secret information, accessing the pieces of secret information from the at least two servers from the Multi cloud. 7. SYSTEM TESTING The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the functionality of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement. Testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and represents the ultimate review of specifications, design and coding. Following are some of the objectives of testing. Testing is the process of executing program with the intent of finding an error. A good test case in one that has a high probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error. A successful test is the one that uncovers as an yet undiscovered error. Testing cannot show the absence of defects, it can only show that software errors are present. The benefits obtained are: If testing is conducted successfully (according to the objective stated above), it will uncover errors in the software. As a secondary benefit, testing demonstrates that software functions appear to be working according to specifications and that performance requirements appear to have been met. In addition, data collected as testing is conducted provides a good indication of software reliability and some indication of software quality as a whole. 7.1 Types of Tests 7.1.1 Unit Testing Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the application .it is done after the completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application, and/or system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected results. 7.1.2 Integration Testing Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to determine if they actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests demonstrate that although the components were individually satisfaction, as shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components is correct and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the problems that arise from the combination of components. 7.1.3 Functional Test Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are available as specified by the business and technical requirements, system documentation, and user manuals. Functional testing is centered on the following items: Valid Input: identified classes of valid input must be accepted. Invalid Input: identified classes of invalid input must be rejected. Functions: identified functions must be exercised. Output: identified classes of application outputs must be exercised. Systems/Procedures: interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked. Organization and preparation of functional tests is focused on requirements, key functions, or special test cases. In addition, systematic coverage pertaining to identify Business process flows; data fields, predefined processes, and successive processes must be considered for testing. Before functional testing is complete, additional tests are identified and the effective value of current tests is determined. 7.1.4 System Test System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets requirements. It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable results. An example of system testing is the configuration oriented system integration test. System testing is based on process descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points. 7.1.5 White Box Testing White Box Testing is a testing in which the software tester has knowledge of the inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at least its purpose. It is used to test areas that cannot be reached from a black box level. 7.1.6 Black Box Testing Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner workings, structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as most other kinds of tests, must be written from a definitive source document, such as specification or requirements document. It is a testing in which the software under test is treated, as a black box .you cannot â€Å"see† into it. The test provides inputs and responds to outputs without considering how the software works. 7.2 Test Results 7.2.1 Unit Testing Unit testing is usually conducted as part of a combined code and unit test phase of the software lifecycle, although it is not uncommon for coding and unit testing to be conducted as two distinct phases. 7.2.2 Test strategy and approach Field testing will be performed manually and functional tests will be written in detail. Test objectives: All field entries must work properly. Pages must be activated from the identified link. The entry screen, messages and responses must not be delayed. Features to be tested: Verify that the entries are of the correct format. No duplicate entries should be allowed. All links should take the user to the correct page. 7.2.3 Integration Testing Software integration testing is the incremental integration testing of two or more integrated software components on a single platform to produce failures caused by interface defects. The task of the integration test is to check that components or software applications, e.g. components in a software system or – one step up – software applications at the company level – interact without error. Test Results: All the test cases passed successfully. No defects encountered. 7.2.4 Acceptance Testing User Acceptance Testing is a critical phase of any project and requires significant participation by the end user. It also ensures that the system meets the functional requirements. Test Results: All the test cases have passed successfully. Minor defects encountered are fixed. Fix quality is maintained. 7.3 Test Cases Table 7.3: test cases 8. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS In this project work the numeric attribute (integer data type) is considered in the secret sharing approach. For future work, further evaluation of non-numeric data types and larger data size can be performed. Another area of attention for future work is the idea of substituting simulation for real CSP, such as own cloud. 9. CONCLUSION The cloud computing usage is significantly notified across medium to large scale companies. But security in the cloud is still a challenging issue. A clear attempt is made to enhance has the security using Shamir’s secrete sharing algorithm. A cloud environment is simulated with six cloud databases which can be configured by the MCDSP which are available to the users to choose and then to store their information. By setting up the above kind of environment confidence can be built to the cloud users to w.r.to security and availability compromising a bit storage time.

The West Nile Virus :: West Nile Viruses Health Essays

The West Nile Virus **Let it be known that I am writing this account in the hope that it may someday benefit future generations, although I hope for their sake that the world has by then tamed the West Nile Virus. First and foremost, mosquitoes are the human beings' enemy in the battle against West Nile Virus. This is not to say that we as humans should declare an all out war on the creatures, but rather that people need to be especially aware during the months of August and September of avoiding those areas (such as those near standing water) which attract mosquitoes. Those who spend a great deal of time outside are obviously more susceptible to mosquito bites, and as such I highly recommend that such persons wear long sleeved shirts and long pants at all times. So far, this method has kept me and a great many of my acquaintances safe from the dreaded bite. Currently, our leading scientists also believe that using insect repellent which contains the chemical DEET will also severely cut down one's chances of being bitten. Yet, we must always keep in mind that relatively few of these creatures are actual carriers of the virus, and that most humans who are bitten by a mosquito will never contract any form of West Nile Virus. If one should be unlucky enough to be bitten by an infected mosquito (who most likely contracted the virus from an infected bird), there are certain symptoms which have been observed in West Nile epidemics which one should watch for. My curious readers, I must emphasize the fact that per my own observations, up to 80% of those persons bitten by an infected mosquito will be asymptomatic and thus will have nothing to worry about. Yet those who develop what we are currently calling the "mild symptoms" of the virus, may exhibit any combination of the following symptoms: fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, and swollen lymph glands. One will exhibit any or all of these wretched symptoms, which I myself have observed to last no more than a few days. Yet with this form of the virus, death and permanent neurological damage have yet to occur as a direct result. The mild symptoms make up what we are referring to as "West Nile Fever," as opposed to the much more severe cases of the virus which are being classified in three groups at this point in time: West Nile encephalitis, West Nile meningitis, and West Nile poliomyelitis.

Cervical Cancer and The HPV Vaccine Controversy: Where are the men? Whe

HPV Vaccination Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancerous death, in women, since 1950. Approximately 200,000 cervical cancer patients die each year in developing countries. Strains like HPV 16 and 18 cause about 70% of cervical cancer in women– one of the top causes of death in the world (WebMD, 2010, p.1). In the Unites States, about 10,000 women acquire the disease and 3,700 die annually Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is directly associated as a cause of cervical cancer. This virus affects the skin and genital area and, in some cases, it can also infect the throat and mouth. Since the HPV is passed from one person to another through skin-to-skin or sexual contact, sexually active people are more prone to this virus. Merck pharmaceuticals, in November 2006, began a lobbying and advertising campaign through which they aimed to promote the mandatory vaccination for young women with the vaccine, Gardasil. Some argue that mandatory vaccination is good for females .However, feminists emphat ically argue that the HPV vaccine should not be mandatory for young women because of the fact that there are large expenses associated with the vaccine that could lead to conflict of interest, the fact that men carry this virus yet there is no push to vaccinate them and the fact that it is not clear that the vaccine has been sufficiently tested to ensure women’s safety. Since the vaccine research is currently only funded by the manufacturer of the drug, this raises serious conflict-of-interest issues. Merck pharmaceuticals actually funded initiatives in the United States that were in favour of passing legislation to require mandatory vaccinations. In fact, money was funnelled through an organization called Women in Government (AP January 2... ... the healer is often maintained by promoting fear, rather than strength, on the part of patients (Sherwin 1992, 143). A lot of unanswered questions remain in the case of Merck’s promotion of mandatory vaccination for women. There is a great deal of money to be made from this vaccine. When we start to uncover and examine the power structures in this healthcare initiative, we can see that there may be reason to be concerned. This does not mean that Gardasil is necessarily bad or that no young women should ever get the vaccine. However, it does mean that when we examine how powerful pharmaceutical companies work in concert with political organizations and powerful political leaders, then the consumers have a reason not to, blindly, accept the given information. We need to ensure that those with corporate interests are not the only voices heard in this debate.

Republic Act No. 9293

Section 15. Qualification requirement of applicants.Number of units in professional education required of non-education graduates. At least eighteen (18) units in professional educationSection 2. Section 26 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:Section 26. Registration and Exception.No person shall engage in teaching and/or act as a professional teacher as defined in this Act, whether in the preschool, elementary or secondary level, unless the person is a duly registered professional teacher, and a holder of a valid certificate of registration and a valid professional license or a holder of a valid special/temporary permit. Who can be issued a license without examination?A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil Service Commission and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports; or (b) A registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers under the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuant to Presid ential Decree No. 1006.What is required of teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past 5 years? Take at least twelve (12) units of education courses, consisting of a least six (6) units of pedagogy and six (6) units of context courses or the equivalent training and number of hours .What is the required rating for para-teachers? Not lower than five percentage points from the passing general average rating. (The para-teachers shall be assigned to areas where there is a shortage or absence of a professional teacher)Other tha para-teacher, who else are entitled to a special permit? A person who has excelled and gained international recognition and is a widely  acknowledged expert in his or her respective field of specialization.